Synergetic effect of multiple phases on hydrogen desorption kinetics and cycle durability in ball milled MgH2–PrF3–Al–Ni composite

A new MgH₂–PrF₃–Al–Ni composite was prepared by ball milling under hydrogen atmosphere. After initial dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation, Pr₃Al₁₁, MgF₂, PrH₃ and Mg₂NiH₄ nanoparticles formed accompanying the main phase MgH₂. The hydrogen absorption-desorption properties were measured by using a Sieverts-type apparatus. The results showed that the MgH₂–PrF₃–Al–Ni composite improved cycle stability and enhanced hydrogen desorption kinetics. The improvement of hydrogen absorption-desorption properties is ascribed to the synergetic effect of the in situ formed Pr₃Al₁₁, MgF₂, PrH₃ and Mg₂NiH₄ nanoparticles. This work provides an important inspiration for the improvement of hydrogen storage properties in Mg-based materials.     

粉末冶金法制备混杂增强铜基复合材料的增强体竞争析出行为研究

Copper matrix composites reinforced by in situ-formed hybrid titanium boride whiskers (TiB_w) and titanium diboride particles (TiB_2p) were fabricated by powder metallurgy. Microstructural observations showed competitive precipitation behavior between TiB_w and TiB_2p, where the relative contents of the two reinforcements varied with sintering temperature. Based on thermodynamic and kinetic assessments, the precipitation mechanisms of the hybrid reinforcements were discussed, and the formation of both TiB_w and TiB_2p from the local melting zone was thermodynamically favored. The precipitation kinetics were mainly controlled by a solid-state diffusion of B atoms. By forming a compact compound layer, in situ reactions were divided into two stages, where Zener growth and Dybkov growth prevailed, respectively. Accordingly, the competitive precipitation behavior was attributed to the transition of the growth model during the reaction process.     

荔枝壳对Cr(VI)的吸附性能研究

为考察荔枝壳对废水中Cr(VI)的吸附性能,用电镜对荔枝壳进行表征,并考察了p H、吸附剂用量、时间和温度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明荔枝壳表面粗糙、凹凸不平,对Cr(VI)具有较强的吸附能力。在温度25℃下,震荡吸附3 h,荔枝壳对Cr(VI)去除率可达91.5%。荔枝壳对Cr(VI)吸附的动力学和热力学研究结果表明,该吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir等温方程。     

阿德福韦酯Ⅰ晶型非等温热分解动力学

通过溶析结晶制备阿德福韦酯Ⅰ晶型.用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)方法对Ⅰ晶型进行表征,通过热重分析对Ⅰ晶型进行非等温热分解动力学研究,结果表明阿德福韦酯Ⅰ晶型在升温过程中会出现3个热分解阶段.研究了3个阶段的热分解过程机理及其分解动力学,综合运用FWO(Flynn-Wall-Ozawa)模型和迭代法分析3个阶段的热分解动力学数据,获得了3个阶段的热分解动力学参数和方程.     

亚甲基蓝在CaTiO_3上的吸附动力学

详细考察了CaTiO3投加量、溶液pH值以及亚甲基蓝(methylene blue,MB)初始质量浓度对MB在CaTiO3上的平衡吸附率的影响,分析了MB在CaTiO3上的吸附等温式.结果表明,CaTiO3投加量对MB的平衡吸附率影响很小.溶液pH值为7时MB的平衡吸附率高于溶液pH值为4和10时MB的平衡吸附率,说明中性条件有利于MB在CaTiO3上的吸附.MB在CaTiO3上的平衡吸附率随MB初始质量浓度增加而显著降低.MB在CaTiO3上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,MB在CaTiO3上的饱和吸附量为1.64 mg/g.     

生物质焦焙烧还原低品位软锰矿及其动力学

采用生物质焦和活性炭粉作还原剂,在管式炉中进行了低品位软锰矿焙烧还原对比试验.分别研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、生物质焦用量等条件对软锰矿还原率的影响,对焙烧产物进行了X射线衍射分析.结果表明,生物质焦在焙烧时间和还原效率上优于活性炭粉;软锰矿焙烧还原依次经历Mn O2→Mn2O3→Mn3O4→Mn O过程;在焙烧温度为800℃,焙烧时间为50 min,生物质焦用量为10%时,软锰矿还原率可达98%以上,在此基础上导出了还原动力学方程,并证实还原过程由界面化学反应控制,表观活化能为43.896 k J·mol-1.     

肉鸡烤翅热杀菌过程的热穿透特性及品质动力学

研究了不同含水率(w=30%~40%)肉鸡烤翅在热杀菌过程中(杀菌值F=0~5 min)的热穿透特性、品质变化规律及其动力学.结果表明:随着含水率的降低,罐头冷点加热速率系数fh、冷却速率系数fc、加热滞后因子jh、冷却滞后因子jc均降低;相同升温时间及保温时间下,含水率低的烤翅样品积累的F值更大;F值对烤翅的水分活度aw无显著影响(P0.05);烤翅的硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值变化遵循零级动力学方程,其变化速率k随含水率降低而增大;低强度的热杀菌有利于改善肉鸡烤翅的剪切力、硬度及咀嚼性,其下降曲线均遵循一级动力学方程,且受热杀菌破坏的速率均随着含水率的降低而减小.     

硅灰改性沥青老化动力性能研究

文章通过旋转薄膜老化试验,研究了基质沥青和硅灰改性沥青在不同老化温度和老化时间下软化点的变化规律,并以软化点为参数建立了硅灰改性沥青的老化动力学模型。结果表明:与基质沥青相比,硅灰改性沥青的软化点随着老化温度和老化时间变化的变化率更低;以软化点为参数建立的老化动力学方程能较好地表征硅灰改性沥青的老化过程。     

气相质谱法研究 Fe 与 CO2-- CO 氧化反应动力学

采用气相质谱在线监测反应气体成分变化的方法,研究了1273~1473 K 范围内,不同比例 CO2- CO 混合气体对铁片恒温氧化的反应动力学.结果表明,氧化反应速率与二氧化碳分压呈线性关系,反应速率常数随 CO2/ CO 体积比值增大而减小,铁片氧化反应的表观活化能为(137.7±15.8) kJ·mol -1.该方法得到的结果与文献相比较,结果是可靠的,表明该方法可以用来在线研究气-固反应的动力学.